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The role of animal models in identifying different aspects of multiple sclerosis as a heterogeneous disease of the central nervous system
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Ameneh Omidi *    , Hazrati Pegah , Atefeh Salmani Siboni , S. Mohammadhadi Mirab |
| Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: (21 Views) |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system associated with myelin destruction and inflammation. Due to its complexity, animal models play a crucial role in understanding the pathological mechanisms and developing new, effective treatments for MS. Several animal models are utilized to demonstrate different aspects of MS. One of the most common animal models of MS is experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in which an immune response against myelin components is induced, causing MS-like symptoms in animals. Another common animal model of MS is cuprizone, which is widely used to induce MS models and study the processes of demyelination and remyelination in animals. Moreover, emerging models such as the combined experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)/Cuprizone model have been developed, demonstrating a high capacity to replicate various aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS). These models have proven to be more effective not only in simulating pathological mechanisms but also in exhibiting clinical events that more closely resemble the disease. However, each animal model of MS, while having different advantages, has its limitations and may not simulate all aspects of the disease. Notably, each of these animal models effectively mimics specific sensory, motor, and cognitive symptoms of MS, as well as its molecular and immunological characteristics. Consequently, studying various types of animal models has proven invaluable in advancing our understanding of MS and developing more effective treatments. This review highlights recent advances in animal models of MS and the mechanisms of myelin destruction within them, with a particular emphasis on widely used models, such as EAE and cuprizone.
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| Keywords: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Cuprizone, Multiple sclerosis, Animal models, Myelin |
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Full-Text [PDF 1417 kb]
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Type of Study: Review Article -by invitation |
Subject:
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